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The Minims (also called the Minimi or Order of Minims, abbreviated O.M.) are members of a Roman Catholic religious order of friars founded by Saint Francis of Paola in fifteenth-century Italy. The Order soon spread to France, Germany and Spain, and continues to exist today. Like the other mendicant Orders, there are three separate components, or Orders, of the movement: the friars, contemplative nuns and a Third Order of laypeople who live in the spirit of the Order in their daily lives. At present there are only two fraternities of the Minim tertiaries, both are in Italy. ==History== (詳細はFrancis of Paola, was born in 1416 and named in honor of St. Francis of Assisi. The boy became ill when he was only one month old, and his mother prayed to St. Francis and promised that her son would spend a year in a Franciscan friary if he were healed. Her prayer was granted, and at 13 years of age Francis fulfilled that votive year. After this year he dedicated himself to a life of solitude and penance as a hermit.〔A.M. Galuzzi, ''Dizionario degli istituti di perfezione'', vol. IV (1977), col. 528.〕 In 1435, two followers joined Francis and began the community, which was first called the "Poor Hermits of St. Francis of Assisi." Francis and his followers founded hermitages at Paterno in 1444 and Milazzo, Sicily, in 1469. The Archbishop of Cosenza approved the group and established them as a religious Order on November 30, 1470, and this approval was confirmed by Pope Sixtus IV in his Bull ''Sedes Apostolica'' of May 17, 1474. At that time, the Pope also changed their status from that of hermits to mendicant friars.〔A.M. Galuzzi, ''Dizionario degli istituti di perfezione'', vol. V (1978), col. 1356.〕 The name ''Minims'' comes from the Italian word ''minimo'', meaning the smallest or the least, and their founder would call himself ''il minimo dei minimi''. Francis of Paola wanted to distinguish himself as being of even less significance than the Friars Minor founded by his patron saint. Francis composed a rule for the community in 1493, which was approved under the name of "Hermits of the Order of the Minims".〔A.M. Galuzzi, ''Dizionario degli istituti di perfezione'', vol. V (1978), col. 1358.〕 The definitive version of the rule was solemnly approved by Pope Julius II in the Bull ''Inter ceteros'', July 28, 1506, who also simplified the name of the community to the Order of Minims ((ラテン語:Ordo Minimorum)).〔A.M. Galuzzi, ''Dizionario degli istituti di perfezione'', vol. V (1978), col. 1359.〕 In addition to the standard three religious vows of chastity, poverty and obedience, the Rule contains the vow of "a Lenten way of life" ((ラテン語:vita quadragesimalis)), which is considered to be the distinctive feature of the Minims.〔(Currier, Charles Warren. ''History of religious orders'', Murphy, 1898 )〕 This vow is for perpetual abstinence from all meat and dairy products, except in case of grave illness and by order of a physician. The Order is also discalced in character. The Minim habit consists of a black wool tunic, with broad sleeves, a hood, and a short scapular. It has a thick, black cord (with four knots that signify the four vows) with a tassel to gird the robe. The Order of the Minims spread throughout Italy in the fifteenth century and was introduced to France in 1482, and later to Spain and to Germany in 1497.〔(Oliger, Livarius. "Minimi." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 27 April 2015 )〕 The houses in Spain, Germany, and France were suppressed during the period following the French Revolution. By the turn of the 20th century, only 19 friaries remained, all but one of them in Italy. On 31 December 2010, the Order had 46 communities with 174 members, 112 of them priests.〔''Annuario Pontificio 2012'', Vatican (2011), p. 1427.〕 The majority of these were in Italy, but they are also established in Cameroon, Colombia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Czech Republic, India, Mexico, Ukraine and the United States of America.〔(Website of the Order (in Italian) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Minim (religious order)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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